The sun's ultraviolet (UV) light is widely known to cause havoc on the skin, but did you know that some commonly used items and drugs can increase our susceptibility to sunburn and other harmful reactions? Skin cancer is not the only reason to avoid excessive sun exposure, according to Dr. Kaveh Nezafati, Assistant Professor of Dermatology at UT Southwestern Medical Center. There may also be external factors that increase sunlight sensitivity."

Rashes, itching, inflammation, sunburn-like symptoms, and skin irritations are all common indicators of photosensitivity. Although these symptoms usually disappear on their own, exposure to UV light may increase the risk of long-term damage or skin cancer. 

The US Food and Drug Administration states that certain medications, whether oral, topical, or injectable, contain chemicals that can trigger a physical reaction when the skin comes into contact with UV rays. The dosage and duration spent outside or in the tanning booth determine the severity and speed of the reaction.

Dr. Nezafati used hydrochlorothiazide, a popular blood pressure drug, as an example. "Basically, what happens is that the ultraviolet radiation reacts with the medicine circulating in the patient's blood, converting that drug into a chemical byproduct that can directly damage skin cells and cause sunburns," he told me. Some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, treat a wide range of infections in the same way. "The most important thing is for patients to be aware of the side effects of the medications they are taking, and to be vigilant if they need to take extra precautions as a result." 

Social media has increased the popularity of skincare routines, and there are plenty of salves, ointments, and lotions available. According to Dr. Nezafati, cosmetic creams and related products have the potential to increase photosensitivity. Over-the-counter treatments like retinol serums and exfoliants can make the skin more vulnerable to UV rays. 

"These exfoliants help remove the top layer of dead skin cells to smooth and brighten the complexion, but that makes it easier for UV radiation to penetrate the skin," according to Dr Nezafati. While many makeup companies now include sunscreen, adequate protection frequently requires more products than most people use. Applying a layer of sunscreen behind makeup is the best way to achieve sun protection. Dr. Nezafati suggests using one with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 for optimum coverage.

Kitchens and bars commonly contain lime, another chemical that can cause a hazardous skin reaction. Dr. Nezafati noted that some plants contain chemical substances known as furocoumarins. "Sunlight activates this chemical when it comes into contact with our skin, leading to the destruction of cells." "In Texas, lime juice is the most prevalent culprit, considering our cuisine and native wildlife." This reaction, called phytophotodermatitis, can result in itching rashes, swelling, and fluid-filled blisters. 

To avoid adverse reactions, read the label cautions on drugs, be aware of beauty product contents, and wash your hands after touching citrus fruits. Dr. Nezafati urges people to avoid popping blisters and to use an over-the-counter cortisone cream to help with discomfort and irritation. "Most cases are mild and only require gentle wound care. "You just have to wait for the skin to exfoliate and recover naturally." 

Understanding the hidden dangers of ordinary items and prescriptions allows us to better protect ourselves from the sun's dangerous UV rays. Stay aware, take precautions, and enjoy the sun responsibly.