As extreme cold grips many parts of the country, doctors report a noticeable rise in cases of flu and common cold. This seasonal surge is closely linked to the way cold weather affects the human body, weakens immune defences, and creates favourable conditions for respiratory viruses to spread.

Medical experts explain that in very low temperatures, the body works harder to maintain its core heat. Blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth, especially in the nose and throat, which are the first points of contact for viruses. Reduced blood flow in these areas weakens local immune responses, making it easier for viruses to invade and cause infections. As a result, people become more susceptible to ailments such as influenza and the common cold.

Cold and dry air also plays a crucial role in virus survival. Studies show that flu viruses remain active for longer periods in low temperatures and low humidity. Dry air irritates and dries out the mucous lining of the respiratory tract, reducing its ability to trap and eliminate germs. This creates an ideal environment for viruses to spread rapidly from person to person during winter.

Lifestyle changes during extreme cold further add to the problem. People spend more time indoors with doors and windows closed, leading to poor ventilation and closer physical contact. Crowded indoor settings such as homes, offices, public transport, and schools become hotspots for the transmission of respiratory infections. Reduced exposure to sunlight in winter may also lower vitamin D levels, which are important for immune health, increasing vulnerability to infections.

Doctors warn that the elderly, young children, and people suffering from chronic conditions like asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or weakened immunity face a higher risk during extreme cold. In such individuals, even a mild cold can quickly escalate into serious complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia if not managed in time.

Health experts stress that timely precautions can help curb the winter surge of flu and cold cases. Maintaining body warmth, following basic hygiene practices, staying hydrated, and seeking medical advice at the onset of symptoms are essential. With extreme cold becoming more frequent and intense, awareness and preventive care remain the most effective tools to protect against seasonal respiratory infections.