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TB Prevention Therapy: A Game Changer in the Fight Against TB
Tuberculosis (TB) has long been a global scourge, claiming millions of lives annually. In 2022 alone, over 10 million people worldwide fell ill with TB, resulting in 1.3 million deaths. India shoulders a significant burden, accounting for nearly a third of global TB cases and deaths.
In response to this crisis, the international community, including India, has committed to ending the TB epidemic by 2030. India, in fact, aims to achieve this goal by 2025, through initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri TB Mukht Bharat Abhiyan. This program has made remarkable progress in recent years, advancing TB diagnosis, treatment, and care.
While past efforts have focused on detecting and treating active TB cases, a crucial aspect of the strategy involves preventing latent TB from progressing to active disease. Thus, the Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) program was introduced to curb the latent TB reservoir, thereby halting its spread within communities.
As World TB Day approaches on March 24th, it's vital to understand latent TB and the role of preventive therapy.
Understanding Latent TB and Tuberculosis Infection
Latent TB refers to a state where individuals harbor TB bacteria without exhibiting symptoms. Although dormant, these bacteria can become active, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems, posing a significant health risk.
Current Burden of Latent TB
Globally, an estimated one-third of the population carries latent TB, with India's prevalence at 31%.
Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT)
TPT involves administering anti-tubercular drugs to individuals at risk of developing active TB, aiming to prevent disease progression.
How TPT Works?
Studies suggest that without intervention, over half of those with latent TB will develop active disease. TPT targets dormant TB bacteria, preventing their activation and subsequent organ damage.
Who Should Take TPT?
Household contacts of active TB cases, immunosuppressed individuals, and patients on dialysis are eligible for TPT after ruling out active TB.
Administration of TPT
TPT should be taken under medical supervision, typically involving daily pills for a prescribed duration, with minimal side effects.
Impact on TB Elimination
TPT significantly reduces the risk of latent TB progressing to active disease, thereby alleviating the burden of TB and interrupting community transmission.
Finally, TB preventive therapy represents a critical step in the global effort to eradicate TB. By targeting latent TB, we not only prevent individual suffering but also move closer to the ambitious goal of ending TB as a public health threat.
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